When people think of Europe, they often imagine cobblestone streets, ancient cathedrals, and majestic castles rising against dramatic landscapes. Castles are among the continent’s most iconic treasures, reflecting centuries of history, battles, romances, and royal grandeur. From fairytale fortresses nestled in the mountains to royal palaces filled with priceless art, Europe’s castles are not only architectural masterpieces but also storytellers of the past.
Visiting these castles is like stepping into another era — walking through grand halls where kings once ruled, standing on towers that once defended empires, or wandering through gardens that witnessed love stories and intrigue. Whether you are a history lover, a romantic dreamer, or a traveler chasing bucket-list destinations, the castles of Europe offer unforgettable experiences.
Here’s a journey through the 10 most beautiful castles in Europe that deserve a spot on your travel itinerary.
1. Neuschwanstein Castle, Germany
Perched high in the Bavarian Alps, Neuschwanstein Castle is the quintessential fairytale castle. Commissioned by King Ludwig II in the 19th century, it was designed as his dream retreat, blending romantic architecture with dramatic alpine scenery. Its tall towers, white stone walls, and magical surroundings inspired Walt Disney’s Sleeping Beauty castle.
Inside, visitors can explore richly decorated rooms inspired by mythology, opera, and medieval legends. Outside, the views over lakes and forests make it one of the most photographed spots in the world. Neuschwanstein is a true dream come to life.
2. Château de Chambord, France
Located in the Loire Valley, the Château de Chambord is a jewel of French Renaissance architecture. Built under King Francis I, it features an astonishing 440 rooms, 365 fireplaces, and a unique double-helix staircase attributed to Leonardo da Vinci.
Surrounded by lush forests and a vast hunting park, Chambord reflects the luxury and power of the French monarchy. It’s not just a castle but an architectural masterpiece that blends medieval forms with Renaissance innovation. If you love elegance and grandeur, Chambord is a must-see.
3. Edinburgh Castle, Scotland
Dominating the skyline of Scotland’s capital, Edinburgh Castle stands proudly on Castle Rock, a volcanic hill that has been inhabited since the Iron Age. This fortress has played a central role in Scottish history, from medieval battles to royal ceremonies.
Highlights include the Crown Jewels of Scotland, the Stone of Destiny (used in the coronation of Scottish kings), and breathtaking panoramic views over Edinburgh. The castle also hosts the famous Royal Edinburgh Military Tattoo, adding cultural vibrance to its historic setting.
4. Alcázar of Segovia, Spain
Few castles are as distinctive as the Alcázar of Segovia, with its pointed towers that resemble the bow of a ship. Originally built as a fortress, it later became a royal palace and military academy.
Perched on a rocky hill where two rivers meet, the Alcázar offers sweeping views and a magical atmosphere. Its fairy-tale architecture is said to have inspired Disney’s Cinderella Castle. Inside, richly decorated halls and a royal armory showcase Spain’s medieval legacy.
5. Prague Castle, Czech Republic
Recognized by the Guinness World Records as the largest ancient castle complex in the world, Prague Castle spans nearly 70,000 square meters. It’s not just one building but an ensemble of palaces, cathedrals, gardens, and courtyards.
Key highlights include St. Vitus Cathedral, the Gothic heart of the complex; the Old Royal Palace; and the charming Golden Lane, once home to alchemists and artisans. Over the centuries, it has been the seat of kings, emperors, and presidents, making it a true symbol of Czech history and culture.
6. Bran Castle, Romania
Often associated with the Dracula legend, Bran Castle is one of Romania’s most visited landmarks. Situated on the border of Transylvania and Wallachia, its Gothic towers and dramatic setting give it an eerie, enchanting charm.
Though the link to Vlad the Impaler (the real-life figure behind Dracula) is debated, the castle’s mystique continues to attract visitors. Inside, you’ll find a fascinating collection of art and furniture that reflect Romania’s royal history. The surrounding Carpathian Mountains add to the castle’s dramatic allure.
7. Windsor Castle, England
As the oldest and largest inhabited castle in the world, Windsor Castle is both a historic landmark and a functioning royal residence. Founded by William the Conqueror in the 11th century, it has been home to 40 monarchs over nearly 1,000 years.
Visitors can explore the lavish State Apartments, St. George’s Chapel (where many royal weddings have taken place), and enjoy the iconic Changing of the Guard ceremony. Windsor offers a unique chance to experience living royal history.
8. Pena Palace, Portugal
Located in the hills of Sintra, just outside Lisbon, Pena Palace looks like something out of a dream. Its vibrant red, yellow, and blue facades, combined with its eclectic mix of architectural styles, make it one of the most colorful castles in Europe.
Surrounded by lush forests and gardens, Pena Palace offers sweeping views all the way to the Atlantic Ocean. Its whimsical design, blending Gothic, Moorish, and Manueline styles, reflects Portugal’s romantic spirit. It’s truly a fairytale destination for travelers.
9. Hohenzollern Castle, Germany
Sitting majestically atop Mount Hohenzollern, this 19th-century fortress is one of Germany’s most picturesque castles. Built as a symbol of the powerful Hohenzollern dynasty, it combines romantic architecture with panoramic views of the Swabian Alps.
Inside, visitors can see royal artifacts, including the crown of the Prussian kings. The surrounding scenery changes with the seasons — from misty autumn views to snow-covered winter landscapes — making it breathtaking year-round.
10. Chillon Castle, Switzerland
Set on the shores of Lake Geneva, Chillon Castle is Switzerland’s most visited historic monument. Its towers reflect beautifully in the lake, with the Alps rising in the background, creating one of the most iconic castle scenes in Europe.
The castle has stood since the 12th century and was once a fortress, residence, and even a prison. Today, visitors can explore its medieval halls, dungeons, and courtyards, all while enjoying the serene beauty of Lake Geneva.